Ropinirole has similar efficacy to apomorphine for induction of emesis and removal of foreign and toxic gastric material in dogs

Abstract

Abstract OBJECTIVE Assess efficacy of ropinirole versus apomorphine in inducing vomiting in dogs. ANIMALS 279 client-owned dogs with known or suspected ingestion of a foreign material (n = 129) or toxin (150) between August 2021 and February 2022. PROCEDURES In this non-randomized non-controlled clinical trial, ropinirole topical ophthalmic solution was applied to dogs’ eyes, with a target dose of 3.75 mg/m2. A second dose was administered after 15 minutes based on clinician discretion. Reversal with metoclopramide was provided based on clinician discretion. Results of ropinirole’s efficacy were compared to previous literature assessing the efficacy of apomorphine. RESULTS Of 279 dogs, 255 (91.4%) vomited after ropinirole administration, including 116 of the 129 dogs (89.9%) dogs that ingested foreign material and 139 of the 150 dogs (92.7%) that ingested toxins. Success of emesis did not differ between groups. With a single dose of ropinirole, 78.9% produced vomit. Fifty-nine dogs received 2 doses of ropinirole, resulting in 79.7% that produced vomit. Overall, 74.2% of the dogs vomited all the expected ingested material. Average time to emesis was 11.0 minutes with 50% of dogs vomiting within 7 to 18 minutes. Adverse effects were observed for 17.0% of dog and were self-limiting. Ropinirole was less effective than apomorphine in inducing vomiting (91.4% ropinirole, 95.6% apomorphine [P < .0001]) and equally effective at evacuating all ingested material (74.2% ropinirole, 75.6% apomorphine [P = .245]). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ropinirole ophthalmic solution is a safe and effective emetic for use in dogs. It has a small but statistically significant decrease in efficacy compared to IV apomorphine.