Cardiovascular disease in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): 54 cases (2007–2022)

Author:

Ozawa Sarah M.1,Pierce Kursten V.1,Alexander Amy B.2,Keller Krista A.3,Tarbert Danielle K.4,Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon3,Sadar Miranda J.5,Sheldon Julie D.4,Meritet Danielle M.6

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

2. Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

3. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA

4. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN

5. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO

6. Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

Abstract

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features, histopathologic lesions, and outcome of cardiovascular disease in central bearded dragons. ANIMALS 54 bearded dragons. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of captive bearded dragons with antemortem imaging or postmortem diagnosis of cardiovascular disease from 2007 to 2022 from 6 hospitals. RESULTS The total prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 3.3% (54/1,655). Physical examination findings were available in 46 cases with change in mentation being the most common finding (n = 28/46 [60.9%]), followed by dehydration (17/46 [37%]), palpable coelomic mass (13/46 [28.3%]), dyspnea (10/46 [21.7%]), and sunken eyes (10/46 [21.7%)]. Doppler auscultation revealed an arrhythmia in 5/34 (14.7%) animals. Diagnostic imaging was only performed on 21 animals, and 10 (47.6%) had cardiovascular abnormalities described. In total, 84 cardiovascular diagnoses were found in 54 animals. The most common diagnosis was myocarditis (n = 14) followed by aneurysms (11), pericardial effusion (9), atherosclerosis (7), epicarditis (7), and myocardial degeneration/necrosis (7). Overall, 62 causes of death were identified in 52 cases, with cardiovascular disease being the most common (n = 18/52 [34.5%]). Only 3/54 animals were diagnosed with congestive heart failure. Animals with aneurysms were more likely to die to due cardiovascular disease compared to other types of cardiovascular diagnoses (OR, 43.75; 95% CI, 4.88 to 392.65; P < .001). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in bearded dragons is challenging given the inconsistent clinical presentation; however, it should remain a differential in animals with nonspecific signs of illness. Antemortem diagnostics are recommended in suspected cases, including diagnostic imaging. Of the cardiovascular diseases described, aneurysms most often contributed to clinical demise.

Publisher

American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)

Reference51 articles.

1. Pathology of the bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps): a retrospective analysis of 36 cases;Crouch EE,2021

2. A survey of diseases in captive bearded dragons: a retrospective study of 529 patients;Schmidt-Ukaj S,2017

3. Standardization of the two-dimensional transcoelomic echocardiographic examination in the central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps);Silverman S,2016

4. Use of alfaxalone in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): optimizing pharmacodynamics and evaluating cardiogenic effects via echocardiography;Webb JK,2023

5. Electrocardiography of the Normal Inland Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps);Hunt C,2013

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