Epidemiological, clinical, radiographic, echocardiographic findings and outcome in client-owned guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) with cardiac disease: 80 cases (2010–2021)

Author:

Rosas-Navarro José1,Gaillot Hugues2,Agoulon Albert3,Ferri Carlotta4,Ruel Yannick2,Paoletti Carlo1,Quinton Jean-François1,Curros-Moreno Ángel1,Gouni Vassiliki4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Exotic Animals, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire ADVETIA, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France

2. Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire ADVETIA, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France

3. Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, 44300, Nantes, France

4. Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire ADVETIA, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France

Abstract

Abstract OBJECTIVE To characterize epidemiological, clinical, radiographic, and echocardiographic features of cardiac diseases in guinea pigs examined at a referral exotics center. ANIMALS 80 guinea pigs. PROCEDURES Medical records of guinea pigs that had echocardiography performed between June 2010 and January 2021 were reviewed. RESULTS The percentage of guinea pig patients with cardiovascular disease was 2.8%. Clinical signs included dyspnea (46/80), lethargy (18/80), and anorexia (10/80). The most common physical examination finding was heart murmur (10/80). Radiographic abnormalities included subjective cardiomegaly (37/67), pleural effusion (21/67), and increased lung opacity (40/67). Median (range) vertebral heart score on right lateral (48/67) and ventrodorsal (39/67) projections was 9.0 vertebrae (6.6 to 13.2 vertebrae) and 10.8 vertebrae (7.9 to 13.2 vertebrae), respectively. The most common echocardiographic diagnosis was cardiomyopathy (30/80), categorized as restrictive (11/30), hypertrophic (10/30), or dilated (9/10). Other cardiac diseases included cor pulmonale (21/80), pericardial effusion (18/80), congenital heart disease (6/80), acquired valvular disease (3/80), and cardiovascular mass (2/80). Congestive heart failure was present in 36 of 80. Median survival time from diagnosis was 2.5 months (95% CI, 1.1 to 6.2 months). Animals that died from heart disease had a significantly shorter survival time than those that died from a noncardiac disease (P = .02). CLINICAL RELEVANCE On radiographs, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, and alveolar or interstitial lung pattern should be considered as indications for echocardiography in guinea pigs. Cardiomyopathy (restrictive, hypertrophic, or dilated), cor pulmonale, and pericardial effusion were the most common echocardiographic diagnoses. Further studies on diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in guinea pigs are needed.

Publisher

American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)

Subject

General Veterinary

Reference24 articles.

1. A case of infectious pericardial effusion and tamponade in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) associated with a multiresistant staphylococcus;Quinton JF,2014

2. Pericardial effusion and pericardiocentesis in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus);Dzyban LA,2001

3. Dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure in a Guinea pig;Franklin JM,2005

4. Spontaneous cardiomyopathy in guinea pigs;Caulfield JB,1973

5. Cardiac disease in guinea pigs;Cox I,2000

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