1. From the Department of the History of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.A.G.); the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School (D.S.J., S.H.P.), and the Center for the History of Medicine, Countway Library of Medicine (S.H.P.) — both in Boston; and the Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.S.J.).