1. From Harvard Medical School (K.M., N.S., D.B.K.), Harvard Business School (K.M., N.S., A.D.S.), the Harvard–MIT Center for Regulatory Science (A.D.S.), and the Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (D.B.K.) — all in Boston; and the Health Innovation Hub, German Federal Ministry of Health, Berlin (A.D.S.).