1. From the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School (T.J.L., T.R.H., A.B.J.), the Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.L.B.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (M.L.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (A.B.J.), Boston, and the National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge (T.J.L., A.B.J.) — all in Massachusetts.