1. From the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School (N.D.B., B.E.L., J.B.D., J.M.M.), Harvard Business School and the National Bureau of Economic Research (L.S.D.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (B.E.L.), and the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (I.K., J.M.M.) — all in Boston.