Evaluation of grass pollen quality control for allergy test kit production using pollen morphological characters

Abstract

Grass pollen is one of the leading causes of allergies in throughout the world. The symptom level depends on the personal immunity. Pollen allergy test kits are suitable for detecting allergic symptoms, which they are produced from pure pollen of specific species. The production of pollen allergy testing kits requires accurate botanical standards and identification for the process of quality control of raw materials basing on Thai Food and drug ministration (Thai FDA). To produce allergy test kit, we focused on the pollen of these 6 common grass species and also use pollen morphological characters for detection and identification. Therefore, this study focused on the method for qualification control and standardization for prototype product of grass pollen allergy testing kit. Six common grass species as Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K.Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs, Oryza sativa L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Urochloa eminii (Mez) Davidse, Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen and Zea mays L.). The criteria were: 1) common in Thailand and Southeast Asia; 2) high density in the atmosphere; and 3) severity of the allergic reaction. The modified acetolysis were applied for samples preparation. The pollen morphological (polar and equatorial axes, exine, porus, annulus and ornamentation) were observed and measurement under light and scanning electron microscope. The character matrix was analyzed based on a regression tree and Tukey’s HSD test to assess support for the different pollen morphological characters. The distinguished character is ornamentation. The results were successfully described the pollen species and showed that the pollen morphologies were useful for contaminated detection. In addition, this method was suitable applied for qualification control of the raw materials for grass pollen allergy testing kits production.