Outcomes following open reduction for late-presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip

Abstract

Purpose Patients with late-presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) are more likely to require an open reduction. Since many developing countries do not have mandated screening, there continues to be a relatively high incidence of late-presenting DDH. We report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of open reduction in a series of patients who presented late. Patients and methods This was a retrospective review of 712 hips in 645 patients that underwent open reduction, alone or in combination with a pelvic osteotomy. In all, 91 hips had open reduction alone and 621 had open reduction and pelvic osteotomy. Femoral shortening was performed in 221 hips. The mean age at the time of surgery was 2.1 years (1 to 6.5) and the mean follow-up time was 9.3 years (6 to 14). We used the Children’s Hospital Oakland Hip Evaluation Score (CHOHES) to determine functional outcomes and the Severin classification was used to evaluate radiographic outcomes. The rate of avascular necrosis (AVN) and the need for a reoperation were also recorded and analyzed. Results In all 80% (570 hips) had good radiographic outcomes (Severin type I or II) and 87% had a CHOHES score of > 90 at final follow up. There was a 14% rate of AVN and only a 2% rate of redislocation. Better radiographic outcomes and lower reoperation rates were seen with patients who underwent both an open reduction and pelvic osteotomy. A trend was observed towards worse outcomes in older patients. Conclusions There was a high rate of good clinical and radiographic outcomes at a minimum six-year follow-up in patients with late-presenting DDH who underwent open reduction. Those who underwent open reduction in combination with a pelvic osteotomy had a higher rate of good radiographic outcomes and a lower rate of complications, particularly reoperation.