The Unstable Hip in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Does an Acetabuloplasty add Midterm Stability?

Abstract

Purpose This study addresses whether an additional pelvic procedure is superior to a varus derotation osteotomy femur (VDRO) alone in unstable hips in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods All patients had unstable hips utilising the Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification System (MCPHCS). We compared one group that underwent VDRO alone with one that had a combination of VDRO and Dega osteotomy (VDRO+). Measurements were taken before surgery, postoperatively, two years after surgery and at latest follow-up. Generalised estimating equations were used to account for known and unknown correlations between hips from bilateral cases. Results In total, 74 hips in 57 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was no outcome difference between Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III, IV and V. Age at time of operation ranged from three to 16 years (mean 9.8 years). Mean follow-up was 49.1 months. In the VDRO group (28 hips) migration percentage (MP) changed from 61% preoperative to a final value of 35.7%. In the VDRO+ group (46 hips) the MP changed from 64.4% to 19.3%. At final follow-up 15 hips (54%) were stable in the VDRO group, 37 hips (83%) in the VDRO+ group. The odds ratio (OR) of hip stability at final follow-up was 3.5-times higher in the VDRO+ group versus the VDRO group (OR = 3.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.5 to 9.7; p = 0.004). Conclusion Reconstruction of unstable hips via VDRO + Dega in children with CP provides a higher likelihood of long-term stability than an isolated VDRO. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study