Surgical treatment of acetabular fractures in the elderly: a systematic review of the results

Abstract

We performed a systematic review of the literature involving a number of databases to identify studies that included outcomes of surgical treatment of acetabular fractures in patients aged > 55 years. An initial search identified 1564 studies. After exclusion by two independent reviewers, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were case series and the mean Coleman Methodology score for methodological quality assessment was 43.7 (standard deviation 12.3). There were 354 patients with acetabular fractures. Pooled analysis revealed a mean age of 71.6 years (55 to 96) and a mean follow-up of 43 months (20 to 188). Complex fractures were reported in 70.1% of patients. Seven studies presented the results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); in eight other studies a total hip arthroplasty (THA), alone or combined with different internal fixation techniques, was the chosen treatment. In the ORIF sub-group, conversion to THA was performed at a mean of 25.5 months with anatomical reduction in 11.6% and imperfect and poor reduction in 22.3%. In the THA sub-group, an acetabular ring or cage with a cemented acetabular component was used in four studies (52 patients) and a cementless acetabular component was implanted in five studies (78 patients). Six patients (4.9%) underwent revision at a mean of 39 months after the index procedure. The analysis of intra-operative and post-operative parameters showed a statistical difference between the two sub-groups with regards to the mean operating time (236 mins ORIF vs 178 mins THA), the mean blood loss (707 mL ORIF vs 974 mL THA) and the mean mortality rate at one year (22.6% ORIF vs 8.8% THA). Based on the current data available, acute THA (alone or in combination with internal fixation) may have a role in the treatment of older patients with complex acetabular fractures. Despite the wide heterogenecity of fracture types and patient co-morbidities, THA procedures were associated with lower rates of mortality and further surgery when compared with the ORIF procedures. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:97-103. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160036