Affiliation:
1. Walter Reed National Military Medical
Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland
20889, USA.
2. Naval Medical Research Center, 503
Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland
20910, USA.
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is perhaps the single most significant obstacle to independence, functional mobility, and return to duty for combat-injured veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Recent research into the cause(s) of HO has been driven by a markedly higher prevalence seen in these wounded warriors than encountered in previous wars or following civilian trauma. To that end, research in both civilian and military laboratories continues to shed light onto the complex mechanisms behind HO formation, including systemic and wound specific factors, cell lineage, and neurogenic inflammation. Of particular interest, non-invasive in vivo testing using Raman spectroscopy may become a feasible modality for early detection, and a wound-specific model designed to detect the early gene transcript signatures associated with HO is being tested. Through a combined effort, the goals of early detection, risk stratification, and development of novel systemic and local prophylaxis may soon be attainable.
Publisher
British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery
Subject
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,Surgery
Cited by
90 articles.
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