The Influence of Genetic Markers on the Development of Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Studies

Abstract

Introduction: The etiology of mental disorders is largely influenced by genetic elements. Several studies have shown that genetic elements influence major mental disorders (MDs). However, the quantity and type of the genetic input remain unknown and require further research. Objective: In this review, we aim to investigate the impact of genetic markers on the development of mental disorders. Methodology: In our study, we included English studies from online databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library using the following keywords “genetic factors”, “genetic markers”, “mental disorders”, “anxiety”, “depression”, and “schizophrenia” till March 2024. Results: The result of the search utilizing the strategy of our search was 2107 studies. We selected the articles that were relevant to our topic by screening these articles. After eliminating the remaining papers based on title and abstract screening, we conducted a full-text screening of 318 publications. In the end, we consulted 68 articles to learn more about our subject and compose this evaluation. Scientific Novelty: Most of the previous studies discovered that genetic elements contribute to major MDs. However, the nature and extent of the genetic contribution have not been determined. In our review, we discussed the genetic contribution to the occurrence of MDs. Practical Significance of the Results Obtained: The influence of genetic research on individuals with MDs and their families was one of our review's main concerns. Understanding the extent of genetic elements' contribution to MDs may have implications for society, research, patient outcomes, and quality of life. Conclusion: This comprehensive study demonstrates that the development and onset of MDs are affected by several elements, which can be genetic polymorphisms and genetic mutations. The potentiality of genetics studies to detect the occurrence of MDs may help in the early recognition of these conditions. It could assist in identifying people who are more susceptible to developing specific disorders according to their genetic profile.