1. Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
2. Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
3. Department of Medical Statistics, Research & Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan.
4. Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.
5. Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
6. Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
7. Japan Agency for Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES Agency), Tokyo, Japan.