Microbial Activity and Neomorphism Influence the Composition and Microfabric of Ooids From Great Salt Lake, UT

Abstract

The sediment along the shorelines of Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah is dominated by ooids, concentrically-coated carbonate sand grains. Two characteristics differentiate GSL ooids from typical modern marine ooids: well-developed radial aragonite microfabrics and the ubiquitous occurrence of a Mg-silicate phase. The radial microfabrics have formed the basis of conceptual models applied to understand the formation of radial fabrics in ancient ooids, but the formation of the Mg-silicates, and the relationship between Mg-silicates and radial aragonite crystals have received little attention. The occurrence of Mg-silicates in GSL ooids is surprising because GSL lake water pH is ~8.3, too low for Mg-silicate precipitation (requires pH>8.7). We use transmitted light microscopy, element mapping via wavelength-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy with electron microprobe, scanning electron microscopy, and synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping and sulfur K-edge absorption spectroscopy to explore the spatial relationships between the mineral phases in GSL ooids. We observe large euhedral aragonite crystals penetrating Mg-silicate zones and cutting across laminar cortices, suggesting that the characteristic radial aragonitic fabrics in GSL ooids, traditionally interpreted as a primary structure, are enhanced, or in some cases entirely created via neomorphism. XRF maps reveal that Mg-silicate zones co-occur with elemental sulfur (S0), which we interpret as a metabolic intermediate of microbial sulfur cycling. This co-occurrence supports our hypothesis that microbial sulfur cycling plays a key role in the formation of GSL ooids by locally shifting pH beyond the threshold for Mg-silicate precipitation. This compositional fingerprint could serve as a biosignature in ancient lacustrine strata where Mg-silicates co-occur with carbonate minerals.