1. James D. Chambers ( ) is an investigator at the Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, and an assistant professor of medicine in the School of Medicine, Tufts University, in Boston, Massachusetts.
2. Teja Thorat is a research associate at the Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center.
3. Junhee Pyo was a research associate at the Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center, when she worked on this article. She is currently preparing to enroll in a Ph.D. program to earn a doctorate in health economics.
4. Matthew Chenoweth is a research associate at the Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center.
5. Peter J. Neumann is director of the Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center, and a professor of medicine in the School of Medicine at Tufts University.