1. Daniel Schneider () is a professor of public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
2. Kristen Harknett is a professor of sociology in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, in San Francisco, California.
3. Elmer Vivas-Portillo is analyst at the Center for Effective Philanthropy, in San Francisco, California. He was a fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School when this work was performed.