1. Karen Titlow is the project manager for the senior medical director at Aetna U.S. Health-care. When this paper was written, she was a predoctoral fellow, Department of Clinical Bioethics, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH). Lauren Randel is a special expert in the department and a consultation-liaison psychiatrist. Carolyn Clancy, a physician, directs the Center for Outcomes and Effectiveness Research at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Ezekiel...