1. Amy Witkoski Stimpfel ( ) is a research fellow at the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, in Philadelphia.
2. Douglas M. Sloane is an adjunct professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing.
3. Linda H. Aiken is the Claire M. Fagin Leadership Professor of Nursing, a professor of sociology, and director of the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing.