1. Medicare Spending, The Physician Workforce, And Beneficiaries' Quality Of Care
2. Evaluating The Efficiency Of California Providers In Caring For Patients With Chronic Illnesses
3. Variations In Hospital Resource Use For Medicare And Privately Insured Populations In California
4. Care in U.S. Hospitals — The Hospital Quality Alliance Program
5. The conditions, which include malignant cancer/leukemia, CHF, chronic pulmonary disease, dementia, diabetes with end organ damage, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal failure, severe chronic liver disease, and coronary artery disease, are based on L.I. Iezzoni et al. “Chronic Conditions and Risk of In-Hospital Death,” Health Services Research 29 , no. 4 ( 1994 ): 435 –460. For the follow-back methodology, see Wennberg et al. “Evaluating the Efficiency of California Providers.”