1. a linear function of the quantity x RM being traded in the regulating market. For up-regulation, c 0 (x RM ) = P + (s) + ? + x RM , and for down-regulation c 0 (x RM ) = P ? (s) + ? ? x RM , where ? + and ? ? are the slopes of the cost functions for up-regulation and down-regulation respectively. Note that in case there are balancing orders with prices above P + or P ? , the dummy orders will be split around such balancing orders;includes "dummy" orders with essentially infinite capacity that represent procurement or sale of energy in the regulating market at costs of c 0 (x RM )
2. Price, David Jack, (born 16 Oct. 1963), QC 2011; Principal, David Price Solicitors & Advocates, since 1993
3. Toward a smart grid: Power delivery for the 21st century;M Amin;IEEE Power & Energy Magazine,2005