1. The debate is summarized in Nickel;Beitz, Idea of Human Rights,2008
2. As Benjamin Stroumann points out to me, Cicero, at De Off. 3.28, tentatively develops a theory of humanity as a contractual partnership (societas) that might serve as a basis for imposing reciprocal rights and duties between people;D�well;what follows, I broadly follow the schema set out in Brownsword,2011
3. All peoples shall be equal; they shall enjoy the same respect and shall have the same rights. �" Against such extensions, see Tiedemann;Philosophical Foundation,1981