1. Customary International Law as Federal Common Law: A Critique of the Modern Position;Harold Hongju Koh;Stanford Law Review,1997
2. non-surrender agreements" (pledges not to turn U.S. citizens over to the ICC) with nearly seventy countries, mostly in the developing world Eastern Europe. And under the threat of blocking UN peacekeeping missions, the U.S. has demanded that the Security Council grant it permanent exemption from the ICC; the Council has twice agreed to one-year exemptions. Congress also initiated the "American Service-Members' Protection Act," which among other things authorizes the President "to use all necessary and appropriate means" to free any member of the U.S. armed services detained by or in connection with the International Criminal Court -which critics promptly called "The Hague invasion act" because;Under the threat of cutting off military and economic assistance the U.S. has negotiated bilateral
3. Governance without Government: Order and Change in World PoliticsJames N. Rosenau and Ernst-Otto Czempiel, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. xii, 311