1. studies noting the West's tendency to treat female genital mutilation, and the cultures that practice it, as "other;Stanlie M. James, Shades of Othering: Reflections on Female Circumcision/Genital Mutilation,1998
2. Female Genital Mutilation;E G;American Medical News,1995
3. What's Culture Got to Do with It? Excising the Harmful Tradition of Female Circumcision