1. now known as al-qa?ida) and gave a famous fatwa (legal verdict) stating that jihad has become as obligatory as the faith itself and is only second in importance and category after faith. See, ?Abdullah ?Uzzam;Iman ke ba?d Ahm tareen fard-e-?ain (Jihad: Obligation after Iman), trans. M. Suhaib Qarni,2005
2. The Islamic Dimension of Pakistan"s Foreign Policy;Siddiqui;Radical Islam and International Security: Challenges and Responses,2007