1. This paper is a revised version of my essay;' in Living Responsibility
2. Living Responsibility: Ethical Issues in Everyday Life', Prague, 2012. I would like to thank participants in the conference for their numerous questions and comments. This work was supported by JSPS Grant-inAid for;Global Conference
3. Famine, Affluence, and Morality
4. Another form of the principle-based theory is the contractualist one, which is illustrated by Charles Beitz's view, among others. Charles R. Beitz;Political Theory and International Relations, with a New Afterword,1999