1. Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987)
2. Justice Scalia also cited a footnote in Penn Central in which Justice Brennan claimed that Mugler and other cases that supposedly established a per se rule that regulations directed at noxious uses could not qualify as takings are better understood as resting not on any supposed 'noxious' quality of the prohibited uses but rather on the ground that the restrictions were reasonably related to the implementation of a policy-not unlike historic preservation-expected to produce a widespread public benefit and applicable to all similarly situated property;Id,1978
3. Release of chloroform-extractable materials from a bituminous coal after mild heating