1. In addition, R. kuzmini presents two lateral pseudolabia instead of the lateral lips, the truncated shape of the anterior end and the cuticular swelling more prominent mostly in the anterior;and larger oesophagus
2. 60 mm vs 2.9-3.56 mm in the new species) and possesses a larger oesophagus (290-380 vs 266.9-274.6 in Rhabdias guaianensis n. sp.) and larger tail (310-410 vs 160.4-186.9 in Rhabdias guaianensis n. sp.). The position of the vulva in R. pseudosphaerocephala is most equatorial, while in the Rhabdias guaianensis n. sp. is post-equatorial. The new species is similar to Rhabdias savagei in position of vulva;R Additionally;manantlanensis has a mostly pre-equatorial vulva and larger oesophagus
3. The sequence of the new species formed a high-supported clade with a sequence of R. pseudosphaerocephala from the north/northeast of Brazil (0.88 for BI and 91 for ML) (Fig 6). The genetic divergence using the COI gene of Rhabdias cerradensis n. sp. compared to the Rhabdias spp. sequences used in the present study varied from 0.9% to 15%, with the lowest divergence observed for species of R. pseudosphaerocephala complex (0.9%-2.2%), R. pocoto (0.9%) and 15% for species of R. cf. stenocephala complex (S Table 1);Aguiar;Molecular analyses and phylogenetic study We obtained the partial COI mitochondrial gene from four sequences from Rhabdias cerradensis n. sp. (similarity 100%), four sequences from Rhabdias matogrossensis n. sp. (similarity 99.7-100%), and three sequences from Rhabdias guaianensis n. sp. (similarity 100%)