1. The failure characteristics of the specimens with 2230 MPa strands mirrored those of the specimens with 1860 MPa strands. Both exhibited ductile failure, characterized by concrete crushing in the compression zone. (2) By comparing the experimental and control groups, the 2230 MPa and 1860 MPa strand specimens demonstrated comparable cracking load, yield load, and ultimate load. Compared to the bonded high-strength steel strand specimen BH-1, the maximum crack width growth rate of the retard-bonded high-strength steel strand specimen RH-1 was similar. For beams with 2230 MPa strands, the service load was approximately 55-65 % of the ultimate load, indicating that when the structures reached the limits of normal serviceability, the beams with 2230 MPa strands still carried a high safety margin. (3) Analysis revealed that GB 50010-2010 effectively predicts the cracking load, ultimate load, working deflection, and maximum crack width for 2230 MPa strand specimens. Similarly, ACI 318-08 is adept at estimating the cracking load and ultimate load for these specimens;The 2230 MPa strands were effectively used in the test beams
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