1. Deterring Racial Profiling: Can Section 24(2) of the Charter Realize its Potential?;Diana Lumba;22 Windsor Rev. Legal & Soc. Issues,2006
2. Racialized policing can still occur even if the officer and suspect are both minorities. See Andrew E. Taslitz, Wrongly Accused Redux: How Race Contributes to Convicting the Innocent: The Informants Example;One may view the film to suggest that the officer initially believes the wife to be white and he is troubled by what he perceives to be interracial coupling,2008
3. Recent scholarship explores the hyper-masculine culture in many police departments in this country. See Frank Rudy Cooper;Masculinities Studies, Terry Stops, and Police Training,2009
4. Cooper has written that the use of stop and frisks to humiliate stems from the culture of masculinity that places "an emphasis on demonstrating the aggressive demeanor known as command presence. A corollary of that attitude is that police officers feel the need to punish disrespect;Angela P Harris;Stan. L. Rev,2000