1. O&M cost of nitrate treatment in the riparian scenario and compared with the baseline.] Among all inputs to nitrate removal operations, chemicals expenditure ranks the highest. We estimated that $148,566 for chemicals-primarily sodium chloride-would be avoided with the riparian buffer scenario. The cost of labor ranked second, followed by PAC. The cost of water and electricity is about one-tenth that of chemicals. Fig. 11 shows the consumption would be avoided in the three months each year throughout the study period. Therefore, installing riparian buffers would bring significant savings to DMW-425 metric tons of sodium chloride, 147,810 kWh of electricity, 253 metric tons of PAC;$ May;The O&M cost of nitrate treatment in the riparian buffer scenarios varies by month,2005
2. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development;J G Arnold;J Am Water Resour Assoc,1998