1. Thanks are due to many colleagues who graciously read drafts of this and related work, and specifically to Dennis Curtis;Judith Resnik;Seyla Benhabib, Ingrid Eagly, Linda Greenhouse, Lucas Guttentag,2016
2. what the United Nations terms "global forced displacement" increase; the result was that 65.3 million individuals worldwide were forced from their homes because of violence, human rights violations, persecutions, and conflict. The number of refugees increased by 1.7 million, and the number of internally displaced persons (IDP) grew by 8.6 million to result in about 41 million moving within their countries of origin. See United Nations Refugee Agency;International Migration Report,2015