1. at the New York Federal Reserve Bank, due to a FinnAir strike. I am grateful for the comments and suggestions of the editor;Economic Policy, extensive comments by the discussants Allan Drazen, Raquel Fernandez, and Jonathan Temple, and audience discussion at the New York Federal Reserve, and for comments from a seminar at the Brookings Institution. I am grateful to Tobias Pfutze and Julia Schwenkenberg for research assistance,2006
2. Some authors span the diff erent generations of debate-Stern (1976) dismissed the critique of Bauer, and the same author was in charge of the Blair Commission on;Africa,2005