1. Explaining Senate Election Outcomes;Alan I Abramowitz;American Political Science Review,1988
2. The Impact of Primaries on General Election Outcomes in the U.S. House and Senate;Michael R Alvarez;Social Science Working Paper,1995
3. The Runner-Up Effect;Santosh Anagol;Journal of Political Economy. Forthcoming
4. More Democracy: The Direct Primary and Competition in US Elections;Stephen Ansolabehere;Studies in American Political Development,2010
5. Divisive Primaries Do Hurt: U.S. Senate Races, 1956-1972;Robert A Bernstein;American Political Science Review,1977