1. 2009) (warning how written law can crowd out the "small-c 'unwritten' constitution" (emphasis omitted)). Drawing on H. L. A. Hart's terminology, Dorf refers to the small-c constitution as;See Michael;How the Written Constitution Crowds out the Extraconstitutional Rule of Recognition
2. Following crowding theory, to imply in the constitution that politicians are crooks in any case is likely to undermine their civic virtue and to make them more dishonest;ECON. J,1997
3. T]he crowding out effect . . . that come[s] with legalizing otherwise voluntary norms could lead to a series of unintended and harmful consequences;T Mark;Pitfalls of Over-Legalization: When the Law Crowds Out and Spills Over,2005