1. since deviating to the other candidate's position guarantees this much. For each seat i, no position X i / ? (A i , B i ) can be chosen with strictly positive probability, since from a) and b) this position will lose to either A i or B i . Therefore, suppose that for every i, each candidate is at position A i or B i . If there is one candidate at each position;equilibrium, each candidate must have a 50% chance of winning
2. On frustration of the majority by fulfilment of the majority's will
3. Monotonicity in Electoral Systems;Austen-Smith;85 American Political Science Review,1991