1. University of Artois) for the SEM-EDS measurements. CRediT authorship contribution statement Walid Hamsa Saadaoui: Investigation, Visualization, Writing -Original Draft;Antonio Da;C�cile Machut: Methodology, Investigation, Validation S�bastien Rio: Investigation, Validation. Sandra Bigot: Validation, Resources. Vincent Wiatz: Conceptualization, Resources. Eric Monflier: Conceptualization, Writing -Review & Editing. Anne Ponchel: Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Supervision; Writing -Review & Editing
2. The biorefinery concept: Using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals