1. Unregistered farms are not a unified group since there are numerous subsistent and semimarket farms as well as highly-commercialized small to middle-size enterprises. The best part of Bulgarian farms are subsistent and semi market farms. According to the last census less than 39% of unregistered farms reportedly sell products;to guarantee cheep, stable, safe, and high quality delivery of food
2. Exceeds are exchanged with relatives and friends, or sold at local (farmers, street) market, to regional middleman or processor. In any case, low volume, high frequency, and personal character of the transactions (clientalization) minimize the costs of marketing. There are also a good number of small-scale commercial (market oriented) farms among the unregistered holdings. They are mainly in labor-intensive productions such as vegetables, tobacco, vineyards, berries, melons, flowers, mushrooms, medicinal and aromatic crops, livestock, sericulture, bee kipping, and in natural meadows. Those are individual or family enterprises, and farmers have strong incentives to adapt to market demand and increase productivity (through intensification of work, investments in human and material assets) since they own the whole residuals (income). Own farm enterprise has been a secure mode for providing (full or part-time) employment for household members (including retired, housewives, children). Family organization is also an effective form for intergeneration transfer of farmspecific intangible assets such as know-how, learning by doing experience, reputation etc. The extension of farms through outside supply of labor and services is restricted since directing, monitoring, and disputing costs are extremely high in labor demanding and spatially dispersed productions. External financing of farming via debt, equity sell-off, or preferential public programs have been out of reach because of the high costs for preparing project proposals;Unregistered farms are predominately individual or family holdings, and farm size is exclusively determined by the available household resources -family labor, own farmland and finance. Internal governing costs are insignificant because transactions are between family members (common goals, high confidence, and no cheating behavior dominates) or non-existent
3. Efficiency of Agrarian Organizations;H Bachev;Farm Management and Rural Planning,2004
4. Governing of Bulgarian Farms -Modes, Efficiency, Impact of EU Accession;H Bachev;Agriculture in the Face of Changing Markets, Institutions and Policies: Challenges and Strategies,2006