1. US crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids reserves, 1992 annual report
2. Ibid.
3. Tax Considerations
4. The development of the Tengiz field was Kazakhstan's first major oil project with foreign participation. A partnership agreement establishing the TengizChevroil (TCO) joint venture was signed between Chevron and the Kazakhstani oil company in 1993. According to that arrangement, Chevron holds 50% in ownership, ExxonMobil -25%, the Kazakhstani government represented by KazMunayGaz -20%, Russian LukArco -5% (Nadia Campaner and Shamil Yenikeyeff;With the estimated 9 b barrels (1.2 b tones) in reserves, the Tengiz oil field is considered one of the biggest oil field discoveries in recent history,2008
5. Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects;A Bernard;CRS Report for Congress,2006