1. unitedstates-big-data-is-different (describing this rule as a "central truism of U.S. privacy law" until Carpenter); see also Baude & Stern, supra note 42, at 1871 ("It is black-letter law under Katz that people don't have any Fourth Amendment protection for information given to a third party;Margot E Kaminski;Geo. Wash. L. Rev. On the Docket,2018
2. Over the thirtythree years following Smith, courts applied the third party doctrine with relative consistency;Harv. L. Rev,1924
3. America and see of London