Effect of Antibiotics on The Pathogenic Bacteria (K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa) Isolated Around the Dental Implant Area

Abstract

In this study, the bacterial isolates (36) were obtained from total 52 samples were taken Twenty K. pneumonia and sixteen P. aeruginosa isolates were found in the dental implant region of individuals of varying ages and sexes who visited a single dental clinic. It was determined what kind of bacteria had been identified by culture, microscopic characteristics and biochemical tests. The resistance and sensitivity of isolates to eight antibiotics (Ceftazidime CAZ, Amikacin Ak, Ciprofloxacin CIP, Chloramphenicol C, Meropenem MEM, Gentamycin GN, Imipenem IMI, Amoxicillin Clavulanate AMC) were studied, with depending on the diameter of the inhibition on Muller-Hinton Agar medium and its comparison with the standard ratios in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2018). The results showed that the highest percentage of resistance K. pneumonia bacteria was to Ceftazidime and Amoxicillin Clavulanate, which reached (100% ,90%), respectively. It was followed by Gentamycin (77%), Ciprofloxacin (67%) and Amikacin was (40%). While the lowest percentage of resistance to the antibiotics (Imipenem, and Meropenem) were (25%) and Chloramphenicol was (20%). As for bacteria. aeruginosa the highest percentage of resistance was to the antibiotic Ceftazidime (93%), followed by the antibiotic Amikacin by (71%), Chloramphenicol (58%), Gentamycin (47%), Meropenem (42%), then the antibiotic Imipenem (40%) While the lower percentage of resistance to the antibiotic Amoxicillin Clavulanic (39%) and Ciprofloxacin (20%). This review provides a complex effect of antibiotics to understand of mechanism and effects of the antibiotic is the base for the new approaches in clinical treatments by which can effectively fight the groups of the resistant pathogens, in patients who are at high risk specially when undergo dental procedures.