1. 1. Harry Schwartz, Russia's Soviet Economy, New York, 1954, p. 38
2. E. Lipson, Europe 1914-1939, London, 1946, pp. 247-250.
3. 2. Abd al-Hamid Batriq& Abdel Aziz Nawar, Modern European History from the Renaissance to the Vienna Conference, Beirut, p. 262.
4. 3. Anna Ivanovna: A Russian empress born in 1693 in Moscow, and the daughter of Tsar Ivan V, and the niece of Tsar Peter II, for further details on the Russian Empress Anna, see: Wolf von Schierbrand, Russia: her Strength and her Weakness, New York, 1904.
5. 4. James B. Taylor, The History of Russia, Boston, 1917, p. 27