Bismuth activity measurements and thermodynamic re-optimization of the Ni–Bi System

Abstract

Abstract Bismuth thermodynamic activities in Ni – Bi liquid solutions have been measured by the modified isothermal isopiestic method at 1723, 1753 and 1773 K. These results are coupled with thermochemical and topological data from literature, in order to achieve reliable re-optimization of the Ni – Bi system by the CALPHAD method. The model of disordered substitutional solutions has been applied to the liquid phase and to the face-centered cubic solid solutions (Ni). The compound NiBi3 is stoichiometric and is modeled by a two-sublattice model corresponding to its formula. The nickel solubility in the solid bismuth is negligible, which is why the phase (Bi) is considered as consisting of bismuth only. The description Bi: Ni, Va has been used for the thermodynamic modeling of the nonstoichiometric NiBi phase.