Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants and Methods for Determination of Their Antimicrobial Activity – Review

Abstract

Abstract Newly series of Gemini surfactants have emerged which are composed of two hydrophobic tails and two cationic head groups linked by spacer group. Today, these cationic Gemini surfactants are attracting attention of the researchers as these surfactants are more efficient in lowering surface tension as the conventional ones. Cationic Gemini surfactants have lower critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and higher surface tension reduction as compared to those of corresponding monoalkyl ammonium salts. They have wide industrial and household applications. They can be used as emulsifiers, dispersing and anti-foaming agents etc. Cationic Gemini surfactants show good antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial activity has also been studied against fungi and yeast species. These cationic Gemini surfactants can be used as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral agents. This review paper deals with synthesis, antimicrobial activity, methods for determining antimicrobial activity (MIC means minimum inhibitory concentration) and applications of cationic Gemini surfactants.