Influence of inter-object relations on the microstructural evolution during hot upsetting of a steel billet determined by numerical simulation

Abstract

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the effect of the interaction between tools and workpiece on the plastic behavior and microstructural evolution of a carbon steel during hot deformation of a cylinder with diameter of 600 mm and height of 1 000 mm. The metallurgical processing was simulated applying the finite elements method. Temperature, deformation and strain rate gradients, recrystallized volume fraction, and grain size distribution were determined using this technique. The data obtained shown that the level of friction and the heat transfer between tools and material have strong influence on the deformation and microstructure gradients, creating large grain size heterogeneities.