A Review on Parkinson’s Disease: Overview and Management

Abstract

After Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative condition. Parkinson's disease normally appears between the ages of 55 and 65, affects 1 to 2 percent of persons over 60, and progresses to 3 to 5 percent of people between the ages of 85 and 89. The olfactory bulbs and nucleus as well as the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve are first affected, followed by the locus coeruleus and finally the substantia nigra. Later on, the brain's cortical regions are impacted. The multifaceted pathophysiologic changes that result in impairments not only of the motor system but also of the cognitive and neuropsychological systems are caused by damage to these numerous neural systems. Although there is no known cure for Parkinson's disease, drugs can frequently significantly reduce the symptoms. Since they may be taken for a long period without having serious side effects and contain antioxidant characteristics, herbal drugs do well in this category. Surgery may be indicated in select cases with more severe conditions.