An Echocardiographic Evaluation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiomyopathies are diseases of heart muscle that may originate from genetic defects, cardiac myocyte injury or infiltration of myocardial tissues. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common phenotype and is often a final common pathway of numerous cardiac insults. Mostly it remains unknown in the absence of echocardiography, histopathology and genetic evaluation. Though common it is underdiagnosed with not much of data available in our setup.Methods: This study was analytical cross-sectional study of hospital data on Echocardiographic findings in 65 patients of DCM visiting cardiology unit for Echocardiographic evaluation from 1st of February to 31st July 2018 for the period of six months in Shree Birendra Hospital, a tertiary care military hospital at Chhauni, Kathmandu. Pediatric age group patients and those who refused to give consent were excluded. Data obtained were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed by IBM SPSS 21.Results: Among 65 patients enrolled 40 (61%) were male and 25 (39%) female with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Elderly people (61-75 years) with an average age of 65 were commonly involved and they presented mostly with congestive heart failure, 32 (49%). Echocardiographic evaluation showed 36 (55%) with mildly dilated Left Ventricle (5.6-6.0cm). Majority had reduced Left ventricular systolic function with an average Ejection fraction (EF) of 39.6%. No significant difference between male and female with the average EF% (P=0.990) and there was no significant relation between age and average EF% (P=0.091).Conclusions: Dilated Cardiomyopathy is the commonest cardiomyopathy phenotype mostly presenting with congestive heart failure. It is often underdiagnosed in our part of the world, however echocardiography will easily detect the condition. Keywords: dilated cardiomyopathy; echocardiography; ejection fraction; left ventricle.