Self-medication among Medical Students and Staffs of a Tertiary Care Centre during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice worldwide. Major problems related to self-medication are wastage of resources, increased resistance of pathogens, adverse reactions, and prolonged suffering. This study aimed to find the prevalence of self-medication among medical students and staffs of a tertiary care centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students and staffs of a tertiary care centre from 1st November to 30th November, 2021. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2710202102). Convenience sampling was done to reach the sample size. Online questionnaires consisting of information on self-medication and socio-demographic characteristics were used. The data was transferred into an Excel spreadsheet and later was exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 for analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 383 participants, the prevalence of self-medication during the pandemic was 193 (50.4%) (45.39-55.40 at 95% Confidence Interval). About half of the respondents 90 (50.3%) who self-medicated purchased the medicines directly from the pharmacy. The most consumed medicines were Paracetamol 128 (18.9%), Vitamin C 126 (18.6%), Zinc 86 (12.7%), Multivitamins 75 (11.1%), and Vitamin D 65 (9.6%) followed by Azithromycin 54 (8%), cough syrup 53 (7.8%) and Ibuprofen 46 (6.8%). Conclusions: The prevalence of self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic is lower compared to that of other developing countries. Paracetamol and Vitamin C are the most consumed drugs for self-medication and Azithromycin is the most used prescription-only drug for self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.