12-Oxoeicosatetraenoic acid, a candidate signal for placenta separation, activates matrix metalloproteinase and induces apoptosis in bovine trophoblast cells

Abstract

Objective: 12-oxo-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-KETE), a metabolite of arachidonic acid, is a strong candidate signal for placenta separation following calf discharge at delivery. In the present study, the effects of 12-KETE on bovine trophoblast cells were investigated to determine its function in the placentome at delivery.Methods: Bovine trophoblast cells derived from blastocysts were used. They were cocultured with or without fibroblasts derived from bovine placentome and/or bovine uterine epithelial cells. 12-KETE was added to the culture medium.Results: Bovine trophoblast cells contained binucleate cells and strongly expressed caudal type homeobox 2 (<i>CDX-2</i>) genes. Addition of 12-KETE to the trophoblast cell colony without feeder cells or that on a fibroblast monolayer induced rapid exfoliation of the colony. After 12-KETE addition, trophoblast cells emitted strong fluorescence caused by the degradation of dye-quenched collagen, indicating that 12-KETE activated matrix metalloproteinase of the trophoblast cells. Exfoliated cell colonies were stained with YOPRO-1, but not propidium iodide (PI). Moreover, DNA fragmentation and Bcl-2 associated X protein (<i>Bax</i>) gene (apoptosis stimulator) upregulation were observed in exfoliated cells, indicating that 12-KETE induced trophoblast cell apoptosis. These results were consistent with previous <i>in vivo</i> observations; however, even a lower concentration of 12-KETE activated trophoblast protease. Meanwhile, fibroblasts derived from the bovine placentome converted arachidonic acid to 12-KETE.Conclusion: These observations indicate that 12-KETE may serve as a signal for placenta separation at delivery.