Biochemical endocrinology of the hypogonadal male

Author:

Belchetz Paul E1,Barth Julian H2,Kaufman Jean-Marc3

Affiliation:

1. Leeds Nuffield Hospital, 2 Leighton Street

2. Clinical Biochemistry, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, UK

3. Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

Abstract

Hypogonadism in the male results from inadequate testicular function, especially defects in androgen synthesis and secretion, or action. Androgen action is important throughout normal male development: in the fetus, puberty, adult life and old age. Regulation is by variable activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis at different phases of the life span. Clinical aspects include: genetic aspects presenting at birth and pubertal failure/arrest. Aspects in adult life embrace sexuality, somatic symptoms and osteoporosis. Acquired causes of hypogonadism may arise from various forms of testicular damage (primary hypogonadism), pituitary and hypothalamic disorders, as well as aetiologies acting at several sites. Measurement of testosterone (T) is crucial to the diagnosis of hypogonadism and the technologies continue to develop, with recent major advances. A growing problem relates to the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism in the ageing male. T therapy is available in several forms, with major improvements in more newly available modalities.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine

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